Wouldn’t it be nice if each state’s sales tax laws were even marginally uniform??
Well, we can dream, but until then, if your business is SaaS, it’s vital to know which states require sales tax on software-as-a-service.
Don’t worry – we’ve done the heavy lifting for you and broken it all down below.
Which States Require Sales Tax on Software-as-a-Service?
Software-as-a-Service (known as SaaS) is a software model in which a customer is given access to a software application that is owned, operated and maintained by a SaaS provider. The customer typically purchases access through a lease or on a subscription basis and accesses the software over the Internet. The software is not transferred to the customer, and the customer is not given the right to download, copy or modify the software in any way. A confusing topic, businesses often want to know which states require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service. This blog addresses just that.
Some states treat SaaS similarly to prewritten software purchased and downloaded via the Internet, whereas others see this as a service, which may or may not be taxable. Some states have no official tax authority regarding SaaS, and for these, you may need a Private Letter Ruling to receive specific guidance for your company.
Protect your SaaS business from audits and penalties. Learn more about our SaaS Sales Tax Solution and see how we can help you stay compliant.
State Requirements Regarding Sales Tax on Software-as-a-Service
Below you will find information on which states require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service. This is a long read with a lot of information. If you are only interested in finding information about a specific state, you can just follow the links below to jump close to the information regarding that state.
Jump Ahead to Individual State Software-as-a-Service Requirements:
Massachusetts through Mississippi
Does Alabama require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
Alabama generally does not require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service.
Why does Alabama not require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
Alabama does not expressly exempt Software-as-a-Service from sales tax but does define computer software as a sequence of automatic data-processing equipment instructions. Additionally, SaaS is not listed as a service type subject to sales tax within the code. Unofficial guidance previously given by the Department of Revenue stated that it is generally tax-exempt, similar to most other services, so long as the purchaser does not download or possess the software in any way, and is only accessing it via a third party or the seller’s servers. If you sell Software-as-a-Service in Alabama, you may need a Private Letter Ruling to clarify if your product is taxable in their state.
Where can you go to learn more about why Alabama does not require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
AL 810-6-1 defines computer software but does not define Software-as-a-Service as a taxable service type.
Does Alaska require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
Alaska generally does charge sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)
Why does Alaska require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
Software downloads, specified digital products, SaaS, streaming services and other online services are subject to sales
tax as a remote sale when delivered into an Alaska Remote Sellers Sales Tax Commission (“ARSSTC”) member jurisdiction. The broad definitions of “property” “product” & “good”, as well as the broad definition of “services”, allow these transactions to be considered in the definition of “remote sales”.The definition of “point of delivery” specifies that the purchaser’s billing address is to be used as the point of delivery when the transaction is the purchase of goods or services delivered electronically.
Section 270 of the Uniform Code defines “sale” as any transfer of property or product or any provision of service(s) for
consideration…” Based on the definition of sale, a subscription-based purchase of the product or service in question still meets the qualification of being a sale. The method or frequency of payment for access to the products or services in question does not change the overall nature of the transaction.
Where can you go to learn more about why Alaska does require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
You can learn more in Interpretation 2021-03 from the Alaska Remote Seller Sales Tax Commission.
Does Arkansas require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
Arkansas likely does not require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service.
Why does Arkansas not require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
Arkansas does not explicitly identify Software-as-a-Service as taxable or tax-exempt within its code. However, all computer software delivered electronically is treated as non-tangible and tax-exempt. Additionally, Arkansas does not list Software-as-a-Service as a taxable service type. If you sell Software-as-a-Service in Arkansas, you may need a Private Letter Ruling to clarify if your product is taxable in their state.
Where can you go to learn more about why Arkansas does not require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
AR G.R. 25 defines computer software and taxability; A.C.A. § 26-52-304 states that computer software does not include that which is delivered electronically.
Does Arizona require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
Arizona generally requires sales tax on Software-as-a-Service.
Why does Arizona require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
Although SaaS is not expressly defined in Arizona Administrative Code, a private letter ruling defines SaaS as a model of software delivery in which the vendor hosts the software application and customers access it over a network (i.e. the Internet using a web-based user interface). Customers do not own the software license but pay on a subscription basis to use the software. However, it is important to note that Private Letter Rulings are taxpayer specific and cannot be used for another business in the event of an audit. If you sell Software-as-a-Service in Arizona, you may need a Private Letter Ruling to clarify if your product is taxable in their state.
Where can you go to learn more about why Arizona requires sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
Arizona Private Letter Ruling LR10-007 identifies leased and subscription-based software as taxable.
Does California require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
California generally does not require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service.
Why does California not require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
Software accessed on a remote network (i.e. via the Internet) that does not involve the customer receiving a hard copy of the software or taking possession or control of the software is not considered tangible personal property. However, if possession of tangible media is transferred to the customer, the entire sale would then be treated as taxable. Transfers of software or information by electronic means are also not taxable.
Where can you go to learn more about why California does not require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
CA Rev. & Tax Code Sec. 6016 defines tangible personal property; CA BTLG Reg. 1502 addresses the sale and lease of computer software and data processing services.
For more on this topic, see our blog post “Is SaaS taxable in California?”
For a comprehensive overview of California sales tax, including the latest rules and regulations, visit our California Sales Tax Guide. This resource provides all the information you need to ensure compliance and understand your tax obligations in the state.
Does Colorado require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
Colorado may require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service.
Why does Colorado not require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
Colorado will tax a digital product if, in its physical form, it would be considered taxable tangible personal property. This is referred to as a “true object test”. Special care needs to be taken regarding if your digital product is considered taxable in Colorado. We would suggest that you engage in a Private Letter Ruling if you are unclear on your product’s taxability.
Sec. 39-26-104 of the Colorado Revised Statutes identifies services that are considered taxable. SaaS is not identified as a taxable service within these guidelines. Based on this information, SaaS is likely not taxable. However, if you sell Software-as-a-Service in Colorado, you may need a Private Letter Ruling to clarify if your product is taxable in their state.
Where can you go to learn more about why Colorado does not require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
C.R.S. 39-26-104 defines taxable services. Colorado H.B. 1312; 1 Code Colo. Regs. §39-26-102(15) defines that the mechanism of delivery does not impact the taxability of a product and digital transmission of TPP can be taxable.
Does Connecticut require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
Connecticut generally requires sales tax on Software-as-a-Service, but at a reduced rate.
Why does Connecticut require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
Connecticut advises that software delivered electronically and data processing services are taxable. This includes software offered through a subscription service. SaaS falls within computer and data processing services, which is taxable at a reduced rate.
Where can you go to learn more about why Connecticut requires sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
CT P.S. 2006(8) is a policy statement on the taxation of computer software and services; CT Special Notice 2019(8) addresses the taxation of digital products and software.
Does the District of Columbia require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
The District of Columbia generally requires sales tax on Software-as-a-Service.
Why does the District of Columbia require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
SaaS is not expressly defined in Washington, D.C. tax code. However, D.C. passed emergency legislation in 2018 indicating that all electronically or digitally delivered, streamed, or accessed digital products are subject to sales and use tax effective January 1, 2019. Based on this legislation, Software-as-a-Service is likely subject to sales tax. If you sell SaaS in the District of Columbia, a Private Letter Ruling may be needed.
Where can you go to learn more about why the District of Columbia requires sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
D.C. Title 9 Sec. 474.4 discusses the taxation of data processing services. D.C. Act 22-556 is the emergency legislation passed regarding the taxability of digital products.
Does Florida require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
Florida generally does not require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service.
Why does Florida not require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
Florida’s laws and regulations do not specifically address Software-as-a-Service. However, the Florida Department of Revenue has held that Software-as-a-Service is not subject to sales tax and a Technical Assistance Advisement (the state’s form of Private Letter Ruling) has been issued addressing SaaS taxability.
Florida defines software services as those which are provided by the taxpayer to the end-user through the Internet, a telephony network or a private network, on a rental, subscription or services basis. In the Technical Assistance Advisement 16A-014, Florida states that the sale of subscriptions to software and the sale of cloud-computing services are not subject to Florida sales tax so long as the software or cloud-computing service is delivered electronically and there is no delivery of a tangible product.
An additional Technical Assistance Advisement (14A19-001) was published which states that information technology infrastructure intended for computing power or storage capacity as well as data transfer fees are exempt from sales tax as well. If you sell Software-as-a-Service in Florida and would like additional clarification on the taxability of the service you are providing, you should get a Technical Assistance Advisement.
Where can you go to learn more about why Florida does not require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
T.A.A. 16A-014 and TAA No. 14A19-001 are the Technical Assistance Advisements addressing the taxability of Software-as-a-Service and subscriptions to software.
For a comprehensive overview of Florida sales tax, including the latest rules and regulations, visit our Florida Sales Tax Guide. This resource provides all the information you need to ensure compliance and understand your tax obligations in the state.
Does Georgia require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
Georgia generally does not require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service.
Why does Georgia not require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
Georgia has held that computer software delivered electronically is not considered a sale of tangible personal property and is not subject to sales tax. Two rulings (LR SUT 2014-05 and LR SUT 2014-01) have also been published stating that cloud-based subscription services that give end-users access to, and use of, software via the Internet is not subject to sales tax. This is because cloud subscription services are not listed as a taxable service in Georgia Code and the transaction does not include the exchange of tangible personal property. In Georgia, unless the service is expressly noted as a taxable service, it is considered not taxable.
Where can you go to learn more about why Florida does not require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
LR SUT 2014-05 and LR SUT 2014-01 are the rulings published regarding cloud-based subscription services and the use of software via the Internet. G.A. Rule 560-12-2-.111(4) defines computer software and applications and addresses the taxability of the software.
For a comprehensive overview of Georgia sales tax, including the latest rules and regulations, visit our Georgia Sales Tax Guide. This resource provides all the information you need to ensure compliance and understand your tax obligations in the state.
Does Hawaii require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
Hawaii does not have a sales tax but does have a general excise tax, which is required for Software-as-a-Service.
Why does Hawaii not require sales tax but requires general excise tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
Hawaii requires a general excise tax on certain transactions and activities. Services, as defined by Sec. 237-23.5, include, “the use of computer software and hardware.” Because Software-as-a-Service is a cloud-based software for use by consumers, it would fall under this definition and be considered a non-exempt service.
Where can you go to learn more about why Hawaii does not require sales tax but requires general excise tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
Hawaii Sec. 237-13-23.5 identifies non-exempt services subject to general excise tax. You can also learn more about Hawaii’s General Excise Tax on this blog.
Does Iowa require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
Iowa requires sales tax on Software-as-a-Service however an exemption may apply if sold to commercial enterprises with a valid exemption certificate, or if used for an exempt manufacturing activity.
Why does Iowa require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
Iowa’s Streamlined Sales and Use Tax Act defines services as all acts or services rendered, furnished or performed other than services used in processing of tangible personal property. The tax is due and collectible when the first use of the service is received by the ultimate user of the service. The code lists all services for which a tax of six percent is imposed on the sales price from the furnishing of such services. Software-as-a-Service is specifically listed as a taxable service. Iowa offers an exemption for the purchase of SaaS and specified digital products used exclusively by commercial enterprises. To take advantage of this commercial enterprise exemption, businesses must provide their vendor with Iowa’s Sales/Use/Excise Tax Exemption Certificate (Form 31-014A).
Where can you go to learn more about why Iowa requires sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
Iowa Code 423.2(6)(bu) specifically identifies Software-as-a-Service as a service subject to tax. Iowa Code 423.1 defines services.
For general information related to Iowa’s manufacturing exemptions, click here.
Does Idaho require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
Idaho generally does not require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service.
Why does Idaho not require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
Idaho Statute 63-3616 defines remotely accessed computer software as computer software that a user accesses over the Internet or through wireless media where the user has only the right to use or access the software but does not receive permanent right of use. The state excludes remotely accessed computer software from being subject to sales tax as it is not considered tangible personal property that can be seen, weighed, measured, felt or touched. Also, it is not exchanged in sale and the user is only given access through a license, lease, subscription, service or other agreement. Software-as-a-Service is also not a defined taxable service type under Idaho’s Sales and Use Tax Administrative Rules.
Where can you go to learn more about why Idaho does not require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
Idaho Statute 63-3616 defines “remotely accessed computer software.” Idaho’s Sales and Use Tax Administrative Rules list taxable service types, which does not include Software-as-a-Service.
Does Illinois require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
Illinois may require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (conditions apply). However, the City of Chicago specifically may require a personal property lease transaction tax on Software-as-a-Service if a sale is made into the jurisdiction.
Why does Illinois not require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service but the City of Chicago requires a lease tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
Illinois indicates that the license of software is not a taxable retail sale if: (a) it is evidenced by a written agreement signed by the licensor and the customer; (b) the agreement restricts the customer’s duplication and use of the software; (c) the agreement prohibits the customer from licensing, sublicensing or transferring the software to a third party; (d) the agreement includes a policy within the license agreement regarding providing a copy at minimal or no charge or permitting the licensor to have an archival copy; and, (e) the customer must destroy or return all copies of the software to the licensor at the end of the license period.
ST 10-0062-GIL advises that if the license of software meets these criteria, the license and subsequent software updates are not subject to the Retailer’s Occupation Tax. However, the Department advises that a formal administrative ruling is a proper forum to receive guidance on transactions involving computer software Application Service Providers and software hosting rather than a private letter ruling.
Additionally, the City of Chicago is barred from taxing services; however, they have a personal property lease transaction tax, which applies to the lease, rental, and license of certain cloud products including Software-as-a-Service. The City defines taxable cloud products, like Software-as-a-Service, as those in which the lease allows the customer to use the provider’s computer and software to input, modify or retrieve information supplied by the customer. In order for the lease tax to apply, the customer must be located in Chicago. There are some specific exemptions to this tax, including accessing/managing financial accounts, re-leases, and small new businesses.
UPDATE 1/28/21:
Illinois has clarified that if a provider of a service provides to the subscriber an API, applet, desktop agent, or a remote access agent to enable the subscriber to access the provider’s network and services, the subscriber is receiving computer software.
Where can you go to learn more about why Illinois does not require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service but the City of Chicago requires a lease tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
86 Ill. Adm. Code 130-1935(a)(1) establishes criteria for the license of software as not considered a taxable retail sale. This code also defines computer software as all types of software including operational, applicational, utilities, compilers, templates, shells and all other forms. ST 10-0062-GIL is a letter responding to an annual survey in which Illinois addresses the taxability of cloud computing services.
City of Chicago Mun. Code 3-32, Form 7550 addresses the personal property lease transaction tax.
Illinois clarified that APIs, applets, desktop agents or remote access agents are considered taxable computer software in ST 20-0032-GIL 11/09/2020 COMPUTER SOFTWARE.
Does Indiana require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
Indiana does not require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service.
Why does Indiana not require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
Indiana defines Software-as-a-Service as a service provider hosting a software application over the Internet for a customer. Software that is remotely accessed from a hosted computer or server or through a pool of shared resources from multiple computers and services (“cloud computing”), without having to download the software to the user’s computer, are not considered retail transactions, and therefore that software is not subject to Indiana sales or use tax.
Where can you go to learn more about why Indiana does not require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
Indiana Information Bulletin #8 addresses the application of sales tax to computer hardware, software, and digital goods.
Does Kansas require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
Kansas generally does not require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service.
Why does Kansas not require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
Kansas states that a lease for sales tax obligation purposes does not include obtaining remote access to someone else’s computer software and equipment via the Internet or other electronic means when a customer does not have control over or have possessory rights to the software or equipment. This includes charges billed by an application service provider. Based on this interpretation, so long as the user does not have ownership or any control over the software and is simply accessing it over the Internet, it is not a lease and not subject to sales tax.
Where can you go to learn more about why Kansas does not require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
Kansas Information Guide EDU-71R does not specifically define Software-as-a-Service but does address using software on a remote computer.
Does Kentucky require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
As of January 1st, 2023, Kentucky charges sales tax on “prewritten computer software access services” which likely includes Software-as-a-Service.
Why does Kentucky require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
In 2022, Kentucky passed HB 8 to amend KRS 139.010(33) which defines “prewritten computer software access services” to mean “the right of access to prewritten
computer software where the object of the transaction is to use the prewritten computer software while possession of the prewritten computer software is maintained by the seller or a third party, wherever located, regardless of whether the charge for the access or use is on a per use, per user, per license, subscription, or some other basis.”
Prior to HB 8, Kentucky did not tax remotely accessed software. In December 2022, we reached out to the Kentucky Department of Revenue for Clarification and they informed us “The guidance provided in the 2020 Sales Tax Facts will no longer apply after January 1, 2023. The sale of services that provide access to prewritten computer software whether it is hosted in the “cloud” or on the retailer’s servers will become subject to sales tax under KRS 139.200 as amended by House Bill 8.”
We find this guidance confusing because no other state refers to Software-as-a-Service as “remotely accessed pre-written software”. We will provide an update if Kentucky provides further clarification.
Where can you go to learn more about why Kentucky does not require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
You can read more about how Kentucky taxes cloud-based software in Kentucky HB 8 and the June 2022 Sales Tax Facts Newsletter.
Does Louisiana require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
Louisiana likely requires sales tax on Software-as-a-Service.
Why does Louisiana require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
Louisiana previously published a bulletin advising that software accessed remotely is taxable. However, this bulletin has been temporarily suspended while the state conducts a review of the taxation of digital products. This suspension specifically applies to transactions in which the customer pays an access or subscription fee to obtain the use but not ownership of a website or software. If you sell Software-as-a-Service in Louisiana, you may need a Private Letter Ruling to clarify if your product is taxable in their state.
Where can you go to learn more about why Louisiana requires sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
Louisiana Revenue Information Bulletin No. 10-001 addressed the taxation of Software-as-a-Service; however, this has been repealed.
Still More Information on Which States Require Sales Tax on Software-as-a-Service
You still hanging in there? We aren’t done yet! There is still more information on which states require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service. Remember, you can just follow the links at the top of the post to jump close to the information regarding any states.
Does Massachusetts require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
Massachusetts requires sales tax on Software-as-a-Service.
Why does Massachusetts require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
Massachusetts states that even in cases where the vendor of the software gives the user the option to securely access the software on the vendor’s server through the Internet, the functionality of the software is the same. Therefore, the object of the transaction is the use of the software. Requirements for prewritten software are still subject to sales and use tax regardless of the method of delivery (whether with a physical medium, downloadable or accessed via the Internet) or if possession or control is given.
Where can you go to learn more about why Massachusetts requires sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
830 CMR 64H.1.3 addresses the taxability of software accessed from the Internet.
Does Maryland require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
Maryland does require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service unless it is purchased or licensed solely for commercial purposes.
Why does Maryland require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
As of March 14, 2021, Maryland requires that you charge sales tax on digital products. Maryland includes software-as-a-service (SaaS) in its definition of digital products. Maryland also considers the following taxable digital products:
- A sale, subscription or license to use a software application
- A sale, subscription or license to access content online
- Prerecorded music, book readings, and speeches
- A digitized sound file that may be downloaded onto a device and may be used to alert the user to a communication or information
- A digital download or stream of a motion picture, music video, news and entertainment program, live event, sporting event, tutorial, etc.
- Audio/video greeting cards sent by email
- Ring tones
- Movies, music videos, news and entertainment programs, live events, and video/electronic games
- E-books
- Newspapers, magazines, chat room discussions, and weblogs
- Digital codes that are exchanged for digital products
In June 2022, Governor Larry Hogan announced that he would allow House Bill 791 to become law without his signature in Maryland. The bill clarifies that software as a service licensed or purchased solely for commercial purposes is not considered a taxable digital product. The bill takes effect July 1st, 2022.
Where can you go to learn more about why Maryland does not require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
For more information on why Maryland charges sales tax on digital products you can read Maryland Business Tax Tip #29.
For more information regarding what is not considered a nontaxable digital product sold for commercial purposes, you can reference House Bill 791.
Does Maine require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
Maine likely does not require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service.
Why does Maine not require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
Maine specifically addresses the taxability of custom and prewritten software, and identifies prewritten software delivered electronically as subject to sales tax, but does not provide any authoritative guidance on the taxability of Software-as-a-Service if the software is not downloaded and in the possession of the user. However, unofficial guidance has previously been given stating that if the software is not downloaded by the user, it is exempt. If you sell Software-as-a-Service in Maine, we recommend a Private Letter Ruling to clarify if your product is taxable in this state.
Where can you go to learn more about why Maine does not require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
Maine Title 36, Part 3, Chapter 213 identifies the taxability of products transferred electronically. Maine Title 36, Sec. 1752(17) defines tangible personal property, including prewritten computer software.
Does Michigan require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
Michigan may require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) if it falls within Michigan's definition of prewritten software. This requires a fact-intensive analysis to determine the product's taxability.
Why might Michigan require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
Michigan does not specifically define Software-as-a-Service as taxable. Instead, Michigan looks to see if the software falls within its definition of "prewritten computer software" which it does subject to sales tax.
Here is how Michigan defines taxable prewritten computer software:
Prewritten Computer Software: Computer software (commonly referred to as “canned” software), including prewritten upgrades, that is delivered by any means and that is not designed and developed by the author or other creator to the specifications of a specific purchaser. Prewritten computer software includes the following:
(i) Any combination of 2 or more prewritten computer software programs or portions of prewritten computer software programs.
(ii) Computer software designed and developed by the author or other creator to the specifications of a specific purchaser if it is sold to a person other than that specific purchaser.
(iii) The modification or enhancement of prewritten computer software or portions of prewritten computer software if the modification or enhancement is designed and developed to the specifications of a specific purchaser unless there is a reasonable, separately stated charge or an invoice or other statement of the price is given to the purchaser for the modification or enhancement. If a person other than the original author or creator modifies or enhances prewritten computer software, that person is considered to be the author or creator of only that person's modifications or enhancements. MCL 205.51a(p); MCL 205.92b(p).
So whether your not your SaaS will be taxable in Michigan will depend on if it falls within this definition. You can find examples of what software Michigan taxes in Revenue Administrative Bulletin 2023-10 and also find more information in TaxValet's TaxByte.
Where can you go to learn more about why Michigan does not require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
Previously, MI RAB 1999-5 discussed the taxability of computer software, and Michigan Treasury Update Vol. 1, Issue 2 reiterated the tax of prewritten computer software that is downloaded. However, as of July 31, 2023, Revenue Administrative Bulletin 2023-10 has replaced Revenue Administrative Bulletin 1999-5.
Does Minnesota require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
Minnesota likely does not require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service.
Why does Minnesota not require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
Minnesota states that the making available of a computer on a time-sharing basis for use by customers shall not be considered the granting of a “license to use” for sales tax purposes so long as it is only accessed by remote facilities. In this scenario, it is considered a nontaxable service. Also, in a form of unofficial department guidance, Minnesota responded to a survey in 2011 stating that Software-as-a-Service is not subject to sales tax so long as the seller fully owns and operates the applications; the software is accessed via the Internet by the customers; the software is not transferred to the customer; the customer does not have the right to download, copy, or modify the software; and, the seller bills the customers on a per-use basis or a monthly or annual fee basis.
Where can you go to learn more about why Minnesota does not require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
Minnesota R 8130.0500(Subp. 2) identifies a computer time exception under the License to Use chapter.
Does Missouri require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
Missouri does not require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service.
Why does Missouri not require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
Missouri defines Software-as-a-Service as, “a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, and on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources…” This includes the platform-as-a-service model, infrastructure-as-a-service model, and other service models, but does not include any service model that gives the purchaser the right to use identifiable tangible personal property. Missouri does not require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service, but the service provider must pay sales tax on any tangible personal property used to provide the service.
Where can you go to learn more about why Missouri does not require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
Missouri 12 CSR 10-109 discusses the taxation of software, including Software-as-a-Service.
Does Mississippi require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
Mississippi requires sales tax on Software-as-a-Service.
Why does Mississippi require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
Mississippi does not have a general exemption for Software-as-a-Service and states that “computer software sales and services” are taxable. However, if computer software is transmitted by the internet to a destination outside of Mississippi and the first use of the software occurs outside of Mississippi, then the software is not taxable.
Where can you go to learn more about why Mississippi requires sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
Miss Code Ann Sec. 27-65-23 specifies that computer software sales and services are taxable. You can find the specific statute for the out-of-state exemption in Miss Code Ann Sec. 27-65-101(1)(ii).
Does Nebraska require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
Nebraska generally does not require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service.
Why does Nebraska not require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
Nebraska does not explicitly define Software-as-a-Service or Cloud Computing in its statutes; however, it does define computer software. Nebraska defines computer software (which is taxable) as a sequence of instructions that directs the computer to process either digital or analog data. Since Software-as-a-Service directs a computer that is not owned by the end-user to process digital or analog data, Software-as-a-Service would not fit under the definition of computer software.
Businesses should note that software consulting and implementation fees are taxable in Nebraska and if a material portion of the Software-as-a-Service subscription is for consulting or implementation, it could make the entire transaction taxable. Special consideration also needs to be given for certain web-based software solutions that involve the protection of computer systems, software, or data against unauthorized access or intrusion. Sales of security services are taxable in Nebraska pursuant to Nebraska Sales and Use Tax Regulation 1-101.
Where can you go to learn more about why Nebraska does not require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
See Reg-1-088 for the definition of software.
Does New Jersey require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
New Jersey generally does not require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service.
Why does New Jersey not require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
New Jersey states that cloud computing and Software-as-a-Service are non-taxable because the software is not “electronically delivered” to the end-user. So long as the software is hosted in the cloud and not delivered to the end-user then it does not fit the definition of taxable personal property. New Jersey further defines Cloud Computing as “… services that allow a customer to access and use the software of a service provider. The software is hosted by a seller that owns, operates, and maintains the software. The seller houses the software on its own servers. Customers access the software via the Internet. The software is not transferred to the customer, nor does the customer have the right to download, copy, or modify the software.”
Where can you go to learn more about why New Jersey does not require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
Section 54:32B-3 defines what is taxable, and Informational Bulletin on Cloud Computing TB-72 references Software-as-a-Service.
Does New Mexico require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
New Mexico generally requires sales tax on Software-as-a-Service and any software delivered electronically.
Why does New Mexico require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
New Mexico does not have a statute which explicitly defines Software-as-a-Service, however both canned and custom software is considered taxable, and professional services to create software are taxable in New Mexico. Therefore, Software-as-a-Service is subject to gross receipts tax in New Mexico. You need to pay special attention to how the user license is handled because if the license is transferred to the end-user it could constitute a sale of property (in addition to the sale of tangible personal property) which means the end-user could also be subject to property tax.
Where can you go to learn more about why New Mexico requires sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
New Mexico Admin. Code tit. 3, §3.2.1.18 section DD specifies that custom software is taxable in New Mexico. New Mexico Admin. Code tit. 3, §3.2.1.27 section B specifies that the sale of license-to-use software is a sale of property.
Does Nevada require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
Nevada does not require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service.
Why does Nevada not require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
In Nevada, software that is delivered electronically is not considered tangible personal property and is therefore not subject to sales tax. Certain services are taxable in Nevada, however, Nevada does not explicitly define Software-as-a-Service as a taxable service. Therefore, Software-as-a-Service is not subject to sales tax in Nevada.
Where can you go to learn more about why Nevada does not require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
Nevada Admin. Code §372.880 defines prewritten software as taxable unless it is delivered electronically. Nevada Rev. Stat. §372.060 does not define Software-as-a-Service as a taxable service.
Does New York require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
New York requires sales tax on Software-as-a-Service.
Why does New York require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
Although New York has not explicitly defined Software-as-a-Service in its statutes, the Department of Taxation and Finance has issued various advisory opinions indicating that software accessed remotely is taxable. In contrast, readers should note that computing power is considered a non-taxable service in New York and therefore not subject to sales tax. Computing power refers to a specific array of a processor, memory and storage, and is often involved when customers purchase computer instances in order to run their own software applications.
Where can you go to learn more about why New York requires sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
This tax bulletin published by New York explains how sales tax applies to sales of computer software and related services. This advisory opinion clarifies that cloud computing is not subject to sales tax. The following advisory opinions clarify that Software-as-a-Service is subject to sales tax in New York: TSB-A-13(22)S, TSB-A-09(44)S, TSB-A-09(25)S, TSB-A-09(15)S, TSB-A-08(62)S, and TSB-A-15(2)S.
You can also check out our blog post Is SaaS Taxable in New York?
For a comprehensive overview of New York sales tax, including the latest rules and regulations, visit our New York Sales Tax Guide. This resource provides all the information you need to ensure compliance and understand your tax obligations in the state.
Does North Carolina require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
North Carolina generally does not require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service.
Why does North Carolina not require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
North Carolina Sales and Use Tax Bulletin 19-3 provides, in part, that “[g]enerally, software as a service is a computer software distribution model that involves a service provider’s use of computer hardware infrastructure and computer software to allow a consumer electronic access to the service provider’s computer software. The computer software is not downloaded to the consumer’s computer, but is instead accessed electronically over a computer network, usually the Internet. North Carolina does not impose sales or use tax on charges for such services.”
Where can you go to learn more about why North Carolina does not require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
G.S Sec. 105-164.13(43) states that an exemption exists for “software designed to run a computer system, an operating program, or application software”. North Carolina Tax Bullet 19-3 Clarifies that software-as-a-service is not generally taxable. North Carolina also provides more clarity on the taxability of Software as a Service in Private Letter Ruling 2021-0007.
Does North Dakota require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
North Dakota likely does not require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service.
Why does North Dakota not require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
North Dakota does not expressly define Software-as-a-Service in its statutes and does not explicitly provide an exemption for Software-as-a-Service. That being said, North Dakota does tax computer software. Computer software is defined as “a set of coded instructions designed to cause a computer or automatic data processing equipment to perform a task”.
When the North Dakota Department of Revenue was questioned on whether Software-as-a-Service was taxable, John Quinlan wrote that “If there are no transfers of software, it will not be taxed. We do not tax services which require a fee or subscription to access or use.” Since this comment is non-binding and there is not an explicit exemption for Software-as-a-Service, we recommend getting a Private Letter Ruling if you need a definitive answer on if your specific product is taxable.
Where can you go to learn more about why North Dakota does not require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
North Dakota defines computer software and what would be considered taxable in 57-39.2-02.1.1.g.(2) (see page 6).
Does Ohio require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
Ohio requires sales tax on Software-as-a-Service when used in business, but generally does not require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service when intended for personal use.
Why does Ohio require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service for business use and not for personal use?
Ohio requires sales tax on “computer services” that are for use in business. Many activities fall under Ohio’s definition of “computer services” including computer programming and automatic data processing. Ohio broadly defines automatic data processing as the “… processing of others’ data”. Readers should also note that prewritten software is always subject to sales tax in Ohio, and custom software for use in business is subject to sales tax in Ohio.
Where can you go to learn more about why Ohio requires sales tax on Software-as-a-Service for business use and not for personal use?
Ohio AC5703-9-46 defines computer services, computer programming, and what is considered a business function. Ohio RC5739.01 defines what is considered a computer service and automatic data processing.
Does Oklahoma require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
Oklahoma does not require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service.
Why does Oklahoma not require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
Oklahoma only requires sales tax on specified services, and Software-as-a-Service is not specified as a taxable service by Oklahoma. Additionally, Oklahoma does not require sales tax on custom or prewritten computer software delivered electronically, so it is safe to say that Software-as-a-Service is not subject to sales tax in Oklahoma. Oklahoma further specifies that “electronic data processing services” are not subject to sales tax.
Where can you go to learn more about why Oklahoma does not require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
68 O.S. Sec. 1354(A) defines which services are subject to sales tax in Oklahoma and Software-as-a-Service is not defined as a taxable service. SECTION 710:65-19-156. Internet-related services and transactions specifies that “data processing services” are not subject to sales tax. CHAPTER 65. SALES AND USE TAX defines “data processing services” on page 176.
Does Pennsylvania require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
Pennsylvania requires sales tax on Software-as-a-Service.
Why does Pennsylvania require sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
Pennsylvania states, “In light of recent case law and technological advances, the Department concludes that because computer software is tangible personal property, electronically accessing taxable software is taxable.” Pennsylvania further states that software is only taxable when the users are based in Pennsylvania, regardless of if the server is located within the state or not. If a portion of users are located within Pennsylvania, and a portion of users are located outside of Pennsylvania, an exemption may apply for the users who are located outside of Pennsylvania.
Where can you go to learn more about why Pennsylvania requires sales tax on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?
Pennsylvania Sales and Tax No. SUT-12-001 clarifies that cloud computing services are subject to sales and use tax. You can also check out our blog post Is SaaS Taxable in Pennsylvania?
Keeping track of differing laws and regulations across all 50 states (plus D.C.) is a huge burden for SaaS companies and their busy founders. Additionally, laws tend to evolve and change over time and the responsibility of keeping up with sales tax quickly becomes untenable.
At TaxValet, we offer clients complete peace of mind when it comes to handling sales tax. From navigating audits to understanding nexus to making accurate timely payments, we’ve got you covered. If you’re ready to take sales tax off your plate, book a no-obligation introduction today.
